Shrinkage, Cracking and Deflection-the Serviceability of Concrete Structures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56748/ejse.1121Keywords:
Cracking, Deflection, Reinforced concrete, Serviceability, ShrinkageAbstract
This paper addresses the effects of shrinkage on the serviceability of concrete structures. It outlines why shrinkage is important, its major influence on the final extent of cracking and the magnitude of deflection in structures, and what to do about it in design. A model is presented for predicting the shrinkage strain in normal and high strength concrete and the time-dependent behaviour of plain concrete and reinforced concrete, with and without external restraints, is explained. Analytical procedures are described for estimating the final width and spacing of both flexural cracks and direct tension cracks and a simplified procedure is presented for including the effects of shrinkage when calculating long-term deflection. The paper also contains an overview of the considerations currently being made by the working group established by Standards Australia to revise the serviceability provisions of AS3600-1994, particularly those clauses related to shrinkage.
Downloads
References
AS3600-1994, Australian Standard for Concrete Structures, Standards Australia, Sydney, (1994).
ACI318-95, Building code requirements for reinforced concrete, American Concrete Institute, Committee 318, Detroit, 1995.
Base, G.D. and Murray, M.H., “New Look at Shrinkage Cracking”, Civil Engineering Transactions, IEAust, V.CE24, No.2, May 1982, 171pp.
Branson, D.E., “Instantaneous and Time-Dependent Deflection of Simple and Continuous RC Beams”, Alabama Highway Research Report, No.7, Bureau of Public Roads, 1963.
DD ENV-1992-1-1 Eurocode 2, Design of Concrete Structures, British Standards Institute, 1992.
Favre, R., et al., “Fissuration et Deformations”, Manual du Comite Ewo-International du Beton (CEB), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland, 1983, 249 p.
Gilbert, R.I., “Time Effects in Concrete Structures”, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 1988, 321p.
Gilbert, R.I., “Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members”, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 89, No. 2, March-April 1992, pp 141-149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/2917
Gilbert, R.I., “Serviceability Considerations and Requirements for High Performance Reinforced Concrete Slabs”, Proceedings International Conference On High-Performance High Strength Concrete, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, August 1998, pp 425-439.
Gilbert, R.I., "Deflection Calculations for Reinforced Concrete Structures - Why we sometimes get it Wrong", ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 96, No. 6, November-December 1999(a), pp 1027 - 1032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/779
Gilbert, R.I., “Flexural Crack Control for Reinforced Concrete Beams and Slabs: An Evaluation of Design Procedures”, ACMSM 16, Proceedings of the 16th Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Sydney, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1999(b), pp 175-180.
Gilbert, R.I. and Mickleborough, “Design of Prestressed Concrete”, E & FN Spon, London, 2nd Printing, 1997, 504p.
Gilbert, R.I., Patrick, M. and Adams, J.C., “Evaluation of Crack Control Design Rules for Reinforced Concrete Beams and Slabs”, Concrete 99, Bienniel Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia, Sydney, 1999, pp 21-29.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
