A Review of Structures and Performance of Ternary Blends of Rice Husk Ash and Some Wastes in Concrete

Christopher Fapohunda; O. E.  Osanyinlokun; A. O.  Abioye

doi:10.56748/ejse.23473

Authors

Christopher Fapohunda Federal University Oye-Ekiti
O. E. Osanyinlokun Federal University Oye Ekiti
A. O. Abioye Federal University Oye Ekiti

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56748/ejse.23473

Keywords:

Agro-based, Pozzolans, Ricehusk ash, Structural proeprties, Sustainabiity

Abstract

The field of structural engineering has in recent times begun to widen its scope from the traditional analysis and design, into the development of new structural materials. This is because the use of non-renewable materials in forming and framing structural projects are raising serious environmental concerns bothering on sustainability of materials, especially cement, to produce structural concrete. Cement has been found to be a major contributor to greenhouse gases which affect the environment negatively. Waste from both the industrial and agricultural industries are gradually becoming sources of material to partly replace cement in concrete because of their pozzolanic properties. The agro-based pozzolanic materials include Rice husk Ash (RHA), Saw dust ash (SDA), Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) amongst others. To further widen the scope and resource base of pozzolanic materials for concreting, ternary blends consisting of agro-based pozzolans are being researched into. These research efforts however appear to be uncoordinated, and thus there is a need to juxtapose these efforts together to see the extent of work done on such ternary blends and present their relevant structural properties. This is with a view to helping identify gaps in such research as a means of preventing wastage of research energies. This paper presents a review of structural properties of some agro-based ternary blends used in structural concrete. It is concluded that more research effort is needed, especially in the development of practical and acceptable guidelines that will aid their application in concrete, for sustainable production of structural concrete.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adesanya, D. A. and Raheem, A. A. (2009a). A study of the workability and compressive strength characteristics of corn cob ash blended cement concrete. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp., 311- 317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.12.004

Adesanya D. .A., and Raheem A. A. (2009b). Development of Corn Cob Ash Blended Cement, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 23, pp. 347-352.. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.11.013

Adesina, A.: Recent advances in the concrete industry to re-duce its carbon dioxide emissions. Environmental Challenges. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2020.100004. (Assessed at 6/12/2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2020.100004

Ahmed, A., Ameer, S., Abbas, S., Abbass, W. Razzaq, A. Mohamed, A. M. and Mohamed, A. (2022). Effectiveness of Ternary Blend Incorporating Rice Husk Ash, Silica Fume, and Cement in Preparing ASR Resilient Concrete. Materials, Vol.15, No. 1, pp. 2 - 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062125

Al-Alwan, A. S. K., Al-Bazoon, M.., Mussa, F. I., Alalwan, H. A., Shadhar, M. H., Mohammed, M. M.,Mohammed, M. F (2023). The impact of using rice husk ash as a replacement material in concrete: An experimental study. Journal of King Saud University Engineering Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2022.03.002 (Assessed at 22/3/2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2022.03.002

Al-Hashem, M.N.; Amin, M.N.; Raheel, M.; Khan, K.; Al-kadhim, H.A.; Imran, M.; Ullah, S.; Iqbal, M. (2022). Predict-ing the Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash Using ANN and GEP Models. Materials, Vol. 15, pp. 2 – 20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217713

Alake, O. (2020). Strength Characteristics Of Rice Husk Ash And Corn Cob Ash Blended Cement Concrete. In Proceedings of 50th Builders Annual Conference and Annual General Meeting, Nigeria..

ASTM C618-05 (2005). Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Min-eral Admixture in Concrete. American Society for Testing and Materials International, West Conshohocken, Philadelphia.

Babar, A. A., Lakho, H., Memon, M. A., Gul, H., Memon, F. A. and Siddiqui, F. H. (2022). The Impact Wheat Straw Ash as a Partial Replacement Material on Concrete Properties. 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment, and Sus-tainable Development, Mehran University of Technolgy Paki-stan.https://eesd.muet.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/04_EESD2022_paper_74-OK.pdf. (assessed at 16/3/2022)

Barnett, S. J., Soutsos, M. N., Millard, S. G., Bungey, J. H. (2006). Strength development of mortars containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag: Effect of curing temperature and determination of apparent activation energies. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.36, pp. 434 – 440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.11.002

Belaid, F. (2021). How does concrete and cement industry transformation contribute to mitigating climate change chal-lenges. Resources, Conservation & Recycling Advances, Vol. 15, 200084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcradv.2022.200084. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcradv.2022.200084

Bheel, N., Ibrahim, M. H. W. Adesina, A., Charles, K., and Shar, I. A. (2021a). Mechanical Performance of Concrete In-corporating wheat straw ash as partial replacement of cement. Journal of Building pathology and Rehabilitation, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-020-00099-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-020-00099-7

Bheel, N., Awoyera, P., Shar, I. A., Sohu, S., Abbasi, S. A. and Prakash, A. K. (2021b). Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Rice Husk Ash and Wheat Straw Ash as Ternary Cementitious Material. Advances in Civil Engineering.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2977428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2977428

BS 8110 (1997). Structural Use of Concrete. British Stand-ard Institute, London.

Carretero-Gomez, A. and Piedra-Munoz, L. (2021). Sustain-ability of non-renewable resources: The case of marblein Ma-cael (Spain0. The Extractive Industries and Society, Vol. 8, Is-sue 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2021.01.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2021.01.011

Ciccioli, P. and Ragni, P. (2017). Environmental Sustaina-bility in th VET System: a Powerful Tool for the Future. Insti-tute of Chemical Methodologies of National Research Council (IMC-CNR). Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union. Project No. 2016-1-IT01-KA-202-005387. http://www.ec.europa.eu (assessed 23/3/2023)

Dhinakaran, G., and Sreekanth, B. (2018). Physical, me-chanical, and durability properties of ternary blend concrete. Scientia Iranica A, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 2440 - 2450.

Ettu, L. O., Ezeh, J. C., Anya, U. C., Nwachukwu, K. C. and Njoku, K. O. (2014). Strength Of Ternary Blended Cement Concrete Containing Afikpo Rice Husk Ash And Saw Dust Ash. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 38-42.

FAO (2022). World Food Situation: http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/.

(assessed 16/11/2022).

FAO (2023). World Food Situation: http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/.

(assessed 16/3/2023).

Fapohunda, C. A.. and Daramola, D. D. (2020). Experi-mental Study of some Structural Properties of Concrete with Fine Aggregate replaced partially by Pulverized Termite Mound (PTM). Journal of King Saud University Engineering Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 484 – 490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2019.05.005

Fapohunda C. Akinbile, B. and Shittu, A. (2017). Structure and properties of mortar and concrete with rice husk ash as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement – A review. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment Vol. 6, pp. 675–692. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2017.07.004

Fapohunda, C., Akinbile, B., and Oyelade, A. A. (2018). Review of the Properties, Structural Characteristics and Appli-cation Potentials of Concrete Containing Wood Waste as Par-tial Replacement of one of its Constituent Material. YBL Jour-nal of Built Environment, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 63–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jbe-2018-0005

Fapohunda, C., Kilani, A., Adigo, B., Ajayi, L., Famodimu, B., Oladipupo, O., and Jeje, A. (2021). A review of some agricultural wastes in Nigeria for sustainability in the production of structural concrete. Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 76 – 87 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i2.1

Goyal, A., Kunio, K., Ogata, H., Garg, M., Anwar, A. M., Ashraf, M. and Mandula, A (2007). Synergic Effect ofWheat Straw Ash and Rice-Husk Ash on Strength Properties of Mor-tar. Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 21, pp. 3256-3261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.3256.3261

James, O.: Effect of Rice Husk ash on Concrete produced with Saw Dust Ash. Repository.mouau.edu.ng; (assessed 16/4/2023/)

Jonida P, Ahmed A, John K, Fraser H. (2023). Palm Oil Fuel Ash as A Cement Replacement in Concrete. Mod App Matrl Sci Vol. 1, No. 1. MAMS.MS.ID.000102. DOI: 10.32474/MAMS.2018.01.000102 (accessed at 16/3/2023) DOI: https://doi.org/10.32474/MAMS.2018.01.000102

Kumari, S., Singhal, D., Walia, R. and Rathee, A. (2023). Development of Ternary Concrete Utilizing Agricultural Waste Material. Research Square. DOI: https://doi.org/1 0.21 203/rs.3.rs-1 1 0751 5/v1. (accessed 16/3/2023).

Obokparo, I. S., and Arum, C. N. (2020). Properties of Ter-nary Cementitious Concrete Matrix Containing Rice Husk Ash and Coconut Husk Ash. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 863 – 870 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS020272

Olafusi, O. S., Olutoge, F. A. (2012). Strength Properties of Corn Cob Ash Concrete. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engi-neering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS), Vol.3, No. 2, pp. 297-301.

Ottos, C. G., and Isaac, O. E (2018). Palm Karnel Shell Ash as a Partial Replacement for Cement in the Production of Pav-ing Blocks. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Re-search and Development (IJTSRD), Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 12 -23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11194

Mahmoud, H., Belel, Z. A., and Nwakaire, C. (2012). Groundnut shell ash as a partial replacement of cement in sandcrete blocks production. International Journal of Devel-opment and Sustainability, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 1026-1032.

Miller, S. A., Habert, G., Myers, R. J., and Harvey, J. T.. (2021). Achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions in the cement industry via value chain mitigation strategies. One Earth, pp. 1398 – 1411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.09.011

Mrityunjay, K., and Shivani, S. D.: (2018) Review on Effect of Baggase ash on Strength of Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 202 – 204.. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV7IS010106

Pan, X., and Sano, Y. (2005) Fractionation of wheat straw by atmospheric acetic acid process. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 96, No. 11, pp. 1256–1263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.10.018

Praseeda, K. I., Venkatanama-Reddy, B. V., and Mani, M. (2017). Life-cycle energy Assessment in Buildings: Framework, approaches, and Case Studies. Encyclopaedia of Sustainable Technologies, pp. 113 – 136.. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.10188-5

Shar, I. A., Menon, F. A., Bheel, N., Shaikh, Z. H. and Dayo, A. A. (2019). Use of Wheat Straw Ash as Cement replacement materials in the Concrete. In International Conference on Sustainable Development in Civil Engineering (MUET), Pakistan.

Shuaibu, R. A., Mutukub, R. N., and Nyomboic, T. (2014) Strength Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Laterised Con-crete. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Re-search (IJCER), Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 110-121.

Siddika, A., Al Mamun, M. A., Alyousef, R. and Hosseini, H. M.: State-of-the-art-review on rice husk ash: A supplementary cementitious material in concrete. Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences, Vol. 33, pp. 294–307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2020.10.006

Srikanth, S., Krishna, C. B. R., Srikanth, T., Nitesh, K. J. N., Nadh, V. S., Kumar, S. and Thanappan, S.: Effect of nano Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) Volume% on Mechanical Behaviour of High Performance Sustainable Con-crete. Journal of Nanomaterials, hhtps://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3742194. (accessed 16/2/2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3742194

Summerbell, D. L., and Barlow, C. Y.: Potential reduction of carbon emissions by performance improvement. A cement industry case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 135, pp. 1327 – 1339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.155